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蝶鱼(BUTTERFLY FISH) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ~ Sea Snakes ~ NAME: Sea snake is the common name for certain marine members of a family of venomous snakes. HABITAT: Sea snakes inhabit tropical waters from the Indian ocean to the Pacific ocean. Sea snakes are particularly abundant in the Persian Gulf and the Bay of Bengal. SIZE: Most sea snakes are not large, ranging from about 1.6 to 3.3 feet in length, although Stokes's sea snake can reach nearly 6 and a half feet. REPRODUCTION: One group of sea snakes, sometimes called the true sea snakes, give birth to live young and lack the enlarged ventral scales typical of most terrestrial snakes. The other group, sometimes referred to as seakraits, lay eggs; because they must leave the water to deposit their eggs, they retain straplike ventral scales, although these may be smaller than those of terrestrial snakes. SWIMMING: The paddlelike tail of sea snakes is wide and compressed and makes an effective swimming organ. BREATHING: Unlike eels, sea snakes have no gills and must rise to the surface of the water for air, but they can remain underwater for several hours, obtaining dissolved oxygen from water that they swallow and eject. FEEDING: Many species feed on elongate fishes, such as eels, which they paralyze with their venom. BEHAVIOR: Sea snakes are generally not aggressive and usually will not bite humans unless handled roughly or forcibly restrained. VENOM: Sea snakes are highly venomous, and bites, though rare, are fatal. COMMON SPECIES: The yellow-bellied sea snake, one of the most common sea snakes, ranges along the Pacific coast from southern California to northern South America. It is less than 3 and a quarter feet long and is black or dark brown with a bright yellow belly. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION: Sea snakes are usually classified in two subfamilies, the Hydrophiinae and the Laticaudinae, both in the family Elapidae. Some taxonomists classify them instead in two families, the Hydrophiidae and Laticaudidae, separate from the family Elapidae. Stokes's sea snake is classified as Astrotia stokesii. The yellow-bellied sea snake is classified as Pelamus platurus. 海蛇长了一口毒牙。其喷射的毒液,比陆地上最毒的眼镜蛇的毒液的毒性还要大50倍。海蛇的毒液属于神经毒素。人被海蛇咬伤后,从毒液进入人体到出现症状,一般要经过4个小时才发病。在此之前,没有什么明显症状,只有一点麻木和刺痛的感觉。4个小时后,毒素一旦发作,患者就会出现全身肌肉酸痛、眼睑下垂、颈部强直、心脏和肾脏受损。如果抢救无效,患者最终将死于心脏衰竭。海蛇可以制药。蛇毒可以用来制成各种单价或多价抗毒血清。用这种抗毒血清,可以治疗毒蛇咬伤。海蛇毒可以提取多种活性酶。这些活性酶可以在医药和科研中使用。使用海蛇毒素研制成的新型镇痛药,对三叉神经痛、坐骨神经痛等顽固性神经疼痛具有良好的镇痛效果。此外,对恶性肿瘤引起的剧痛,也有明显的镇痛效果。用海蛇毒制作的镇痛药,和镇痛药物吗啡相比,虽然起效稍慢,但是镇痛时间长,不会成瘾,所以很受欢迎。我国用海蛇治疗风湿性关节炎、腰背痛、肌肉麻木等疾病的传统方法是,活蛇入酒,浸死,然后取出来,洗干净,封存在60度的酒中半年以上,每次服用少量,同时用酒擦身。海蛇肉和蛋都有良好的补益作用。将海蛇肉或者海蛇蛋炖食,可以治疗营养不良,并且有强身壮体的功效。海蛇胆可以驱风活血,蛇油还可以养护肌肤,是良好的护肤佳品。
急急急·在线等、分类动物英语单词
Jelly Fish
水母(英文名称:Jelly Fish):是水生环境中重要的浮游生物,包括刺丝胞动物、钵水母纲、十字水母纲、立方水母纲动物。水母是一种非常漂亮的水生动物。
它的身体外形就像一把透明伞,伞状体的直径有大有小,大水母的伞状体直径可达2米。伞状体边缘长有一些须状的触手,有的触手可长达20-30米。
水母身体的主要成分是水,并由内外两胚层所组成,两层间有一个很厚的中胶层,不但透明,而且有漂浮作用。
它们在运动时,利用体内喷水反射前进,远远望去,就像一顶顶圆伞在水中迅速漂游;有些水母的伞状体还带有各色花纹,在蓝色的海洋里,这些游动着的色彩各异的水母显得十分美丽。
无论是热带的水域、温带的水域、浅水区、约百米深的海洋,甚至是淡水区都有它们的影踪。水母早在六亿五千万年前就存在了,它们的出现甚至比恐龙还早。全世界的水域中有超过250余种的水母,它们分布于全球各地的水域里。全部生活在海洋中。
水母的发光原理一直是一个重要的研究课题。2008年,美国伍兹霍尔海洋生物学实验室高级研究员下村修、美国哥伦比亚大学教授马丁·沙尔菲和美国加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校教授钱永健因研究其发光原理,获得了当年的诺贝尔化学奖。
野生动物:
sheep 羊
ewe 母羊
goat 山羊
lamb 羊羔,羔羊
zebra 斑马
antilope 羚羊
gazelle 小羚羊
deer 鹿
reindeer 驯鹿
giraffe 长颈鹿
camel 骆驼
dromedary 单峰驼
llama 大羊驼
guanaco 原驼
alpaca 羊驼
vicuna 小羊驼
elephant 象
rhinoceros 犀牛
hippopotamus 河马
cat 猫
tabby, she-cat, grimalkin 雌猫
tomcat 雄猫, 公猫
kitten, kitty, pussy 小猫
lion 狮
lynx 猞猁
panther, puma 美洲豹
leopard 豹
tiger 虎
wildcat 野猫
bison 美洲野牛
yak 牦牛
dog 狗
badger 獾
weasel 鼬,黄鼠狼
otter 水獭
fox 狐
hyena, hyaena 鬣狗
wolf 狼
squirrel 松鼠
dormouse 睡鼠
beaver 河狸
marmot 土拨鼠
ferret 雪貂
bear 熊
rabbit 兔子
hare 野兔
rat 鼠
chinchilla 南美栗鼠
gopher 囊地鼠
Guinea pig 豚鼠
marmot 土拨鼠
mole 鼹鼠
mouse 家鼠
vole 田鼠
monkey 猴子
chimpanzee 黑猩猩
gorilla 大猩猩
orangutan 猩猩
gibbon 长臂猿
sloth 獭猴
anteater 食蚁兽
duckbill, platypus 鸭嘴兽
kangaroo 袋鼠
koala 考拉,树袋熊
hedgehog 刺猬
porcupine 箭猪,豪猪
bat 蝙蝠
armadillo 犰狳
海洋动物:
shark,whale ,dolphin,seal,starfish,urchin
家禽:cock 公鸡 hen 母鸡 chicken 鸡,雏鸡 goose 鹅 duck 鸭
宠物:marmot 土拨鼠
parrot 鹦鹉
cockatoo 大葵花鹦鹉
macaw 金刚鹦鹉
parakeet 长尾鹦鹉
nightingale 夜莺
canary 金丝雀
starling 八哥
thrush 画眉
goldfinch 金翅雀
chaffinch 苍头燕雀
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