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Eal(鳗鱼)

There are two main types of eel – the Shortfin and the Longfin. There are fewer eels today because of the loss of wetlands and commercial fishing. Eels migrate up streams as elvers to find suitable adult habitat. After many years (15-30 years for shortfins, 25 years for longfins, and sometimes up to 80 years) they migrate to the Pacific Ocean to breed and die. Eels are secretive, mainly nocturnal and prefer habitats with plenty of cover.

For at least 65 million years, long-finned eels (Anquilla dieffenbachii) have been swimming up and down New Zealand’s waterways.The long-finned eel is one of the largest freshwater eels in the world and it is found only in the rivers and lakes of Aotearoa, New Zealand. Longfin eels are threatened fish.

about the Long-Finned Eel

Habitat

Long-finned eels can be found throughout New Zealand. They live mainly in rivers and inland lakes but can be found in almost all types of waters, usually well inland from the coast.

They are legendary climbers and have made their way well inland in most river systems, even those with natural barriers. Elvers (young eels) swimming up river will climb waterfalls and even dams by leaving the water and wriggling over damp areas. It is not unheard of for an eel to climb a waterfall of up to 20 metres.

Size

When eels begin life, they are a tiny one millimetre in length. During their life, they can grow up to two metres long.

Compared with many other fish, eels are slow growing - a long-fin may grow only between 15-25mm a year. They can also live for many years. Large long-fins have been estimated to be at least 60 years old.

The biggest eels are usually old females that have been slow to reach sexual maturity and, for reasons that are not yet understood, have not migrated to sea to breed.

The biggest long-finned eels reported have weighed as much as 40 kg. Pictures of fishers and huge eels used to appear regularly in local newspapers. But today, you’ll seldom find an eel heavier than 10 kg. Commercial fishing has meant that a big proportion of our very large eels have now disappeared.

Appearance

In shape, eels are elongate, slender-bodied fishes, almost tubular. When they are small, they have relatively smooth heads but as they grow the head becomes bulbous, with a prominent muscular dome behind the eyes.

They change shape again when they get ready to migrate to their breeding grounds. The head becomes much more slender and tapered, almost bullet-like and the eyes enlarge to up to twice their normal size.

Like all fish, eels have scales and fins. The long-finned eel is so named because its top (dorsal) fin is longer than its bottom fin.

While they have the appearance of being scaleless, tiny scales are embedded deeply within their thick, leathery skin. The eel’s skin is very sensitive to touch. This helps it to "see" in its watery environment.

In colour, long fins are usually dark brown to grey black. Very occasionally, long-finned eels found in the wild are partially or even wholly bright yellow in colour.

Food

Eels eat "live" food. Small long-finned eels living amongst the river gravels will feed on insect larvae, worms and water snails. When they get bigger, they begin to feed on fish. They will also eat fresh-water crayfish and even small birds like ducklings.

During the day, eels are secretive, hiding under logs and boulders or under riverbanks. Occasionally, they may be seen out hunting for food but most of their hunting takes place at night.

Eels hunt by smell rather than sight. Long-finned eels have a well-developed sense of smell. They have tube nostrils that protrude from the front of their head, above their upper lip.

They also have a very large mouth with rows of small, sharp, white teeth. The top teeth form an arrow shape on the roof of the eel’s mouth.

Breeding

Long-finned eels breed only once, at the end of their life. When they are ready to breed, they leave New Zealand and swim five thousand kilometres up into the tropical Pacific to spawn, probably in deep ocean trenches somewhere near Tonga.

When they reach their destination, the females lay millions of eggs that are fertilised by the male. The larvae are called leptocephalus and look nothing like an eel –they are transparent, flat, and leaf-shaped. The larvae reach New Zealand by drifting on ocean currents.

Before entering fresh water, the leptocephalus change into a more familiar eel shape, although they remain transparent for up to a week after leaving the sea. These tiny "glass" eels enter fresh water between July and November each year, often in very large numbers.

Eels take many years to grow and it could be decades before an individual is ready to undertake the long migration back to the tropics to breed. The average age at which a long-finned eel migrates is 23 years for a male and 34 for a female. The adults never return as they die after spawning.

Threats

While long-finned eels are still relatively common, fishing has had a significant impact on the species. Europeans showed little interest in eels as a fishery until the 1960s when commercial catches rose steadily.

In 1975, eels were the most valuable fish export after rock lobsters. Five years later, they were the fifth most valuable finfish export. This big increase in fishing effort led to significant stock reductions in some areas, with a marked decline in the average size of the eels caught.

Habitat loss also affects eels. Changes caused by hydro development, drainage and irrigation schemes and river diversions affect eels by reducing their habitat and the water available for aquatic life. Culverts and dams can also impact on eels by preventing their migration.

Eel habitat is also impacted by pollution. Sewage and effluent from meat works and pulp and paper plants discharged into rivers can remove large quantities of oxygen from the water. The result of this oxygen depletion is that the fish will either die or move away.

Eels on the Move

Hydro dams stop eels moving freely up and done some rivers. To get around this problem eel passes have been built across some dams to help the eels complete their journey. Young eels may also be moved across the dams by hand.

小丑鱼英语

Bass 海鲈鱼

BELTFISH带鱼

BUFFALOFISH水牛鱼

CARP鲤鱼

catfish 鲶鱼

CATFISH鲶鱼

cod 鳕鱼

Cod Fillets 鳕鱼块

COD鳕鱼

Conger (Eel)鳗鱼

Corvina黄花鱼

Croaker 白花鱼

Dace鲮鱼

DRUMFISH鼓鱼

flounder 比目鱼

FLOUNDER龙利

grouper 石斑鱼

Haddock 北大西洋鳕鱼

Halibut 大比目鱼

Herring 青鱼，鲱

Herring roes 鲱鱼子

Mackerel 鲭

MILKFISH虱目鱼

mullet 胭脂鱼

orange 香橙鱼

Octopus 鱆鱼

perch 河鲈鱼

Plaice欧蝶鱼

Red Mullet 红鲣

red snapper 红鲷鱼

RED SNAPPER－

ribbonfish 带鱼.

salmon 三文鱼

Sea Bream 海鲤

shark 鲨鱼

swordfish 剑鱼

SWORDFISH－剑鱼

tilapia 罗非鱼,又叫吴郭鱼,非洲鲫鱼

TILAPIA－鲷鱼

TROUT－鳟鱼(？鲑鱼？ )

TUNA－吞拿鱼、金枪鱼

whiting 不知中文叫什么,肉质一般,可烧鱼块

WHITEFISH－白鱼

SQUID－乌贼，鱿鱼

SCALLOP-扇贝肉

贝类海鲜(Shellfish):

Oysters 牡蜊

Mussels 蚌类、黑色、椭圆形、没壳的是淡菜

Crab 螃蟹

Prawn 虾

clams 蛤蚌

scallops扇贝(小)

Crab stick 蟹肉条

Peeled Prawns 虾仁

King Prawns 大虾

Tiger Prawns 虎虾

Whelks Tops 小螺肉

Shrimps 基围虾

Cockles 小贝肉

Lobster 龙虾

鱼的英语单词

小丑鱼英语：Clownfish。

小丑鱼（Clownfish）是一种令人着迷的热带海水鱼类，也被称为海葵鱼，是海葵的共生伙伴。它们属于雀鲷科（Pomacentridae）中的两个亚科之一，即雀鲷亚科（Amphiprioninae）。小丑鱼主要分布在印度-太平洋地区的暖水海域，尤其以澳大利亚大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef）为家。它们以鲜艳的颜色和独特的行为习性而闻名于世。

小丑鱼的最显著特征是它们鲜艳夺目的外表。通常，它们呈现出橙色的身体，身上有三条明显的白色横纹，并且这些横纹周围有黑色的轮廓。它们的鳍也被黑色勾勒，使它们看起来更加引人注目。

这种鲜艳的颜色不仅令人印象深刻，而且也是一种警告，告诉潜在的捕食者它们有毒，不适合做猎物。有趣的是，所有的小丑鱼都是雄性。当小丑鱼群体中的优势雌性死亡时，最大的雄性会变性成为新的雌性，确保群体的生存。

小丑鱼最引人入胜的特点之一是它们与海葵的共生关系。海葵是一种固定不动的掠食性动物，看起来像花朵。它们有长长的、充满毒液的触手，用来捕捉小鱼和浮游生物等猎物。尽管它们看起来很危险，但小丑鱼可以在海葵的触手之间安全地生活。

这种关系对双方都有利：小丑鱼在海葵的螯合触手中找到了逃避捕食者的安全所在，同时它们为海葵提供了食物残渣，并防止某些可能损害海葵的礁鱼被捕食。

关于小丑鱼对海葵毒液的独特免疫力仍然是科学研究的一个课题。人们认为，小丑鱼在皮肤上分泌一种黏液，可以防止它们被海葵的毒素伤害。

此外，小丑鱼在群体内展示了有趣的社会行为。一个典型的小丑鱼群体包括一个优势雌性、一个繁殖雄性和一个或多个非繁殖雄性。如果雌性死亡，繁殖雄性会变性成为新的雌性，而一个非繁殖雄性将成为新的繁殖伙伴，确保群体的生存。

鱼 [yú]

汉英词典： fish，发音：英[f?] 美[f?] ?

一、“fish”可作的动词形态

1.n.鱼，鱼肉，鱼类;〈口〉（特殊的）人物，家伙，东西;[建]接合板，夹片，鱼尾板;[航]钓锚器，撑夹桅杆的加固夹箍

2.vt.& vi.钓鱼;捕鱼;摸出;掏出

（2.1）vt.钓鱼，捕鱼;搜寻;[航]加夹箍夹牢;[工]用接合板连接[加固]

（2.2）vi.捕鱼，钓鱼;用钩捞取

二、鱼类英文词汇

1.一条/尾鱼

a fish

2.两条/尾鱼

two fish

3.一群鱼

a school/shoal of fish

4.把鱼切成片

fillet the fish

5.把鱼去鳞破肚

dress the fish

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